Estudio técnico-económico de una planta de producción de biodiesel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Se explica las posibles razones que han obligado a varias de las plantas de biodiesel en Espana a cerrar a pesar de estar siendo auspiciadas por la Union Europea y fomentadas, mediante normativas especificas y ayudas sustanciales en cada uno de los paises miembros, a fin de reforzar la utilizacion de los biocarburantes, como energia alternativa a los combustibles fosiles, debido a las ventajas medioambientales y sociopoliticas que conllevan. Para ello se ha empezado realizando un estudio del sector y de su funcionamiento asi como de la evolucion reciente del mercado tanto en Europa como en Espana. Posteriormente se ha modelizado una planta de biodiesel tipo desde las primeras fases de su construccion hasta su puesta en funcionamiento, para, a continuacion analizar su desarrollo haciendo especial hincapie en la evolucion de las principales variables economicas anteriormente estudiadas que han llevado finalmente a tener que cerrarla por falta de rentabilidad. El proceso de produccion del biodiesel desde aceites vegetales y grasas animales mantiene un fuerte crecimiento en los mercados de la Union Europea al igual que en Estados Unidos y Canada. La produccion de biodiesel se ha incrementado rapidamente en los ultimos anos, ya que es una alternativa renovable a los carburantes, como el petroleo o el diesel. La produccion por trasesterificacion de aceites vegetales y grasas animales, dan al biodiesel una densidad, un punto de encendido, viscosidad, estabilidad a la oxidacion similares al diesel. Estas propiedades permiten a la mezcla de biodiesel poder usarlo en motores convencionales sin necesidad de grandes modificaciones. El objetivo fundamental de este proyecto es, dentro de un entorno economico hostil, explicar el posible porque de la situacion de las plantas de biodiesel en Espana, haciendo un analisis de la viabilidad economico – financiera de una planta de produccion de biodiesel. La instalacion de la que parte el presente proyecto es la de una planta, situada en la provincia de Jaen, con una capacidad de produccion de 100 000 t/ano, con una prevision de funcionamiento continua y con una vida util estimada de 15 anos. Una vez finalizado el estudio economico, se ha valorado el impacto del mercado en el funcionamiento de la planta, tanto a nivel internacional debido a la competencia desleal, como nacional, debido a las ayudas en los cultivos. Se deduce que la rentabilidad de una planta de biodiesel es relativamente positiva pero viene dada por un gran numero de variables internas y externas que hacen un negocio inestable y poco rentable. ABSTRACT It explains the possible reasons that have forced several biodiesel plants in Spain to close in spite of being sponsored by the European Union and promoted by specific regulations and substantial aid in each of the member countries to strengthen the use of biofuels as alternative energy to fossil fuels because of the environmental and sociopolitical involving VII For this we have begun a study of the sector and its operation as well as the recent market developments in Europe and in Spain. Later was modeled biodiesel plant type from the early stages of construction to commissioning, to then analyze its development with particular emphasis on the evolution of the main economic variables that have been previously studied eventually have to close by unprofitability. The processes and production of biodiesel (methyl ester) from vegetable oil and animal fat feedstocks remain a strong growth market in the European Union as well as the United States and Canada. Biodiesel production has increased rapidly in this last years as producers sought a renewable alternative to petroleum fuel. Produced by the trans-esterification of vegetable oils and animal fats, biodiesel has similar density, flash point, viscosity, oxidation stability to petroleum diesel. These similarities enable biodiesel blends to be used in conventional diesel engines without significant modifications. This proyect gives an overview of current developments with regard to biodiesel technology, the Spain biofuel market, and national biofuel policies, looking at closely the economic-financial feasibility of a biodiesel production plant. The installation, situated at Linares (Jaen), has a production capability of 100 000 t/year. The operation estimated is constant and with a product life of 15 years. Finished the part destined to the economic view of this project, it has been considered the adverse effects on the overall performance and the financial situation of the industry. It follows form the study that biodiesel plant´s profitability is relatively high, but it is given by a large numbers of variables, internals and externals, which have made an unviable and unsustainable business.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".