SERVING JIHAD: HAMAS AND THE INSTRUMENTALITY OF VIOLENCE IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since it emergence on the international scene more than two decades ago, Hamas has stuck to its guns, labouring tirelessly to establish a Muslim state based upon the principles of Jihad, and to propagate Jihadi values in all aspects of life as outlined in its 1988 Charter. On its path to realize its ultimate goals, and acting upon the credo that “Islam is the Solution, ” Hamas has persisted in killing and maiming Israelis, civilians and soldiers alike, through a variety of violent means. This article explores the Hamas as a longstanding terrorist organization and its instrumentality of violence in the Middle East. The argument is presented that although it is seen by some as a legitimate political and social movement Hamas has not departed from its violent practices in order to achieve its political objectives, and does not seem to qualify as a new and dynamic actor in the Middle East simply because it was elected to govern in Gaza.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.021 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".