Electrochemical behavior of CoCrMo implant in Ringer's solution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CoCrMo has been successfully employed as an orthopedic and orthodontic material because of its excellent corrosion resistant and suitable biocompatibility. The purpose of this research was to investigate the susceptibility of CoCrMo in Ringer's solution at three different temperatures: 22 °C, 37 °C, and 60 °C. The corrosion behavior of CoCrMo was carried out by using common electrochemical methods such as open circuit potential, potentiodynamic measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Mott–Schottky measurements. CoCrMo was passivated by the air, forming a passive film, which was not destroyed during the immersion in electrolytes under different temperatures. Results from potentiodynamic tests showed that at high anodic potentials, the passive film did not demonstrate significant localized corrosion and rather exhibited overall passive film degradation corresponding to the general corrosion of the alloy in Ringer's solution at the three temperatures. EIS measurements showed the presence of the stable passive film on the alloy surface when tested at open circuit potential. Mott–Schottky test indicated that the preformed passive film is an n ‐type semiconductor due to the presence of a donor species. This is implied by the existence of oxygen vacancies and interstitial metallic cations. As the potential increased, the Cr 3+ oxidized and produced soluble Cr 4+ species. This resulted in the film changing to a p ‐type semiconductor owing to the dissolution and creation of cation vacancies (acceptor species). The passive film rupture was not due to p ‐type characteristics but rather was a result of the considerable oxidative dissolution of the film at high anodic potential. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".