The Cultural Change of Elunchun Nationality and the Thought Provoked by the Transformation of Economy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Elunchun nationality is one of the Chinese minorities. Statistics shows that there are only 8196 Elunchun people in 2000. This paper provides a systematic analysis on the present existence and development conditions of the Elunchun nationality and the characteristics of their hunting culture according to the author’s research data. The article reveals that the Elunchun nationality is the only pure hunting race of contemporary China. It is of great significance to research on their hunting culture no matter from the angle of China or from the angle of the hunting race of the Northern Hemisphere. However, with the worsening of ecosystem in Daxing’an Mountains, the hunting culture is on the verge of extinction. In 1996, The Elunchun people had to let go of their hunting rifles against will, starting to be engaged in the large-scale agricultural activities. Practice shows that the enunciation that “forbidding to hunt and turning to produce” is not the strong item of the Elunchun people, nor is the advantage of economic development in Daxing’an Mountains, and it is against the will of the Elunchun people. In order to protect the hunting culture, rescue the important inheritance, we should know the relation between ecosystem and culture reservation better, the will of the Elunchun people should also be taken into consideration. In a word, manifold measures should be taken to solve problems of their existence and development so as to give full play of the function of cultural inheritance. Key words: the Elunchun nationality,the transformation of economy, the hunting culture, protection and development Resume: La nationalite Elunchun est une des plus petites minorites en Chine . Selon le statistique demographique de l’an 2000, sa population est de 8196 . En appuyant sur les documents de l’enquete menee par l’auteur , ce texte fait une analyse assez complete sur la situation actuelle de l’existence de Elunchun et sa culture de chasse . Selon cette memoire , elle est la seule nationalite de chasse en Chine contemporaine . L’etude sur la culture de chasse de la nationalite Elunchun est significative , non seulement dans le cadre de Chine , mais aussi sous l’angle des nationalit es de chasse et de peche dans l’hemisphere septentrional . Pourtant , il est difficile pour la culture de chasse de subsister , en raison de la degradation ecologique de la montagne Daxinganling . En 1996 , les Elunchuniens sont oblige de laisser tomber les fusils de chasse pour s’engager dans l’agriculture . Les faits ont bien montre , que le changement de production n’est pas favorable au developpement economique de cette region , et que les Elunchuniens , ne voulant pas ce changement malgre tout , ne savent pas vraiment cultiver . Pour proteger la culture de chasse , et sauver le patrimoine important , il faut harmoniser la relation entre la protection de l’environnement ecologique et celle de la culture , tout en respectant la volonte du people Elunchuniens , il faut egalement resoudre le probleme der survie avec tous les moyens possible pour mettre en jeu la fonction du patrimoine culturel . Mots cles: nationatlite Elunchun , changement economique , culture de chasse , protection du developpement 摘要：鄂倫春族是中國的微型民族之一， 2000年統計僅有 8196人。論文主要根據作者的調查資料，對目前鄂倫春族生存發展現狀、狩獵文化特點作了較為系統的分析。文章認為，鄂倫春族是當代中國唯一的純狩獵民族，不論從中國的角度，還是從北半球漁獵民族的角度研究鄂倫春族狩獵文化都具有重要的意義。然而，由於大興安嶺生態環境的不斷惡化，狩獵文化已難以為繼， 1996年，鄂倫春人不得已放下了獵槍，開始從事大規模的農業生產。實踐表明，“禁獵轉產”即不是鄂倫春人的強項，也不是大興安嶺地區經濟發展的優勢，而且也違背了鄂倫春人的意願。為了保護狩獵文化，搶救重要遺產，不僅要處理好生態環境與文化保護的關係，而且也要考慮到鄂倫春人的意願，多途徑解決其生存發展問題，以此發揮文化遺產的功能。 關鍵詞：鄂倫春族；經濟轉型；狩獵文化；保護開發
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".