Bibliographic record
Abstract
Racial Difference In July 2004, Louise Arbour was appointed the UN High Commissioner of Human Rights, and she remains in this position as of this writing. She was also the prosecutor who in 1999 indicted Slobodan Milosevic for crimes against humanity. As such, she was the first prosecutor to indict a sitting head of state for war crimes. Arbour is a fiercely independent French Canadian jurist who became known as a “real-time” prosecutor with the intention of pursuing crimes while they were still being perpetrated by high-ranking war criminals rather than years later. Despite her example, in 2007, four years after the escalation of violence in Darfur, prosecutorial attention still focused on investigations of lower-level government and military officials. This focus risked turning back the clock of international criminal law to the era of historical prosecutions of ex-Nazis years after Nuremberg or, worse yet, of no major prosecutions at all. Arbour wanted to arouse slumbering public opinion about the real-time “massive crimes” in Darfur. In her new role as High Commissioner, Arbour appointed Jody Williams, who won the Nobel Peace Prize for spearheading a campaign that resulted in an international land mines treaty, to chair a Mission on the Situation of Human Rights in Darfur. Yet, this mission confirmed little more than the well-known fact that “numerous efforts by the international community have not been successful in ending the conflict.”
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.027 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".