Adaptive Sensorless Control of PMSGs-Based Offshore Wind Farm and VSC-HVdc Stations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes sensorless control strategies for an offshore wind farm (OWF) and voltage source converter high voltage direct current (VSC-HVdc) stations. The extended Kalman filter provides an estimation of the speeds and rotor positions of permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) of OWF, the dc voltage at dc-bus and the dc voltages of the both VSC-HVdc stations. The OWF, composed of 150 variable speed wind turbines based on PMSGs, is considered in this paper, where each generator is connected in series by its own ac-dc converter to dc-bus. Only one dc-ac inverter converts the dc-bus voltage to a proper ac voltage of wind farm ac-bus. The HVdc transmission system based on a three-level neutral point clamped VSC is used for the interconnection between the OWF and the onshore grid via two dc cables. Detailed modeling and control strategies are developed for each individual component of the system. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method to manage the desired HVdc system operation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".