Two-Phase Liquid Production Allocation in Multilayer Producing Wells Using Temperature Measurements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work presents a methodology of allocating oil rate and associated water cut to each individual layer using temperature measurements and total surface production of oil and water. This paper consists of two parts. In part one; an analytical forward model is proposed for wellbore temperature response under two-phase production in a multilayer geometry, using a nodal representation of the well. This model accounts for the formation geothermal gradient, steady-state oil-water flow in the wellbore, friction loss and Joule-Thomson effect in the wellbore, contrast in the thermal and physical properties of oil and water, wellbore heat losses due to unsteady heat conduction in the earth, and the mixing of the fluid streams of contrasting temperature. The second part shows the application of the above solution by applying inversion techniques on temperature data coupled with forward model to allocate water and oil influx from producing layers. The inversion result is verified using a variety of commingled flow problems including a field case of a deviated well producing an oil-water mixture from two active completions. Inversion results seem to be robust within +/-15% provided the temperature contrast between the commingled layers is at least one order of magnitude greater than the resolution of the temperature measurements (e.g., 4°C contrast for 0.1°C resolution) Key words : Oil rate; Temperature measurement; Nodal representation; Inversion techniques
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".