Metabolic and Cardiac Responses of Cunner<i>Tautogolabrus adspersus</i>to Seasonal and Acute Changes in Temperature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cunner is a marine teleost that exhibits winter dormancy (i.e., becomes inactive and stops feeding) when seawater temperatures fall below 5°C. To examine whether this dormant state is also associated with active metabolic depression, the effect of season on routine metabolic rate (MR(rout)) was measured at five different times throughout the year: early spring (5°C), late spring (9°C), summer (14°C), late fall (5°C), and winter (0°C). In addition, cardiac function (cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume) was measured at the last three measurement time points, and the ability of fall- and winter-acclimated cunner to adjust MR(rout) and cardiac function when challenged with acute temperature changes was assessed. The cunner actively depressed MR(rout) between fall and winter as temperature fell from 5° to 0°C ([Formula: see text]). In addition, MR(rout) showed a substantial but smaller Q(10) (4.3) when the MR(rout) at 0°C (winter) was compared with the value recorded during the previous spring at ∼5°C. These seasonal changes were essentially mirrored by the response of MR(rout) to acute 5°C increases and decreases in temperature. Similar to MR(rout), cardiac output (Q) decreased dramatically as temperature fell from 5°C (fall) to 0°C (winter) in the seasonal study ([Formula: see text]) and increased substantially when temperature was acutely increased from 0° to 5°C ([Formula: see text]). However, when subjected to an acute temperature decrease (from 5° to 0°C), the Q(10) for Q was only approximately 2-3. These results show that (1) cunner actively depress their metabolism in the fall and winter and that this is associated with a large decrease in cardiac function and (2) there is a decoupling between Q and MR(rout) when 5°C seasonally acclimated cunner are exposed to an acute temperature decrease to 0°C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".