Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rotary friction experiments have been performed on Westerly granite at start velocities of 2.0–4.0 m s −1 , under loads of 250–500 N until the system stalls (up to ∼4 s). Interface temperature, velocity and force were measured at intervals of 0.2 milliseconds. The results show that kinetic friction increases in direct proportion to temperature up to a critical value T cr , whereupon the system changes from boundary lubrication (slip strengthening) to hydrodynamic lubrication (slip weakening) with an associated decrease in friction and temperature. For Westerly granite T cr is ∼1150°C. This corresponds to the melting point of feldspar, which constitutes ∼50% of the rock. If T cr is exceeded in natural slip systems, which will depend on rock type, this can result in the generation of friction melt. Melt lubrication can explain the scaled energy of large earthquakes being 10 to 100 times more than that of small earthquakes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".