Geopolymers as Waste Encapsulation Materials: Impact of Anions on the Materials Properties
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the most promising applications of geopolymers is their use as waste encapsulating matrix. These binders are indeed compatible with aqueous waste streams and capable of activating several chemical and physical immobilization mechanisms for a wide range of inorganic waste species. Several works have investigated the immobilization of cations, mainly heavy metals or radioactive wastes, but very few studies are taking counterions, namely anions, into account. The aim of this work is to experimentally investigate the impact of anions with different valences on the materials’ properties in regard to the requirements of an industrial process at ambient or slightly elevated temperature: among others setting time, maximum achievable compressive strength or resistance to leaching. The modifications caused by the introduction of monovalent and divalent anions, such as sulphate and nitrate, are also monitored in term of mineralogy, porosity and microstructure. Their immobilization seems to be related to the advancement of geopolymerization reaction. On another hand, depending on the alkali ions used in the activation solution, the anionic species considered may also enhance the precipitation of some zeolites.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it