Photoproduction of carbon monoxide in first‐year sea ice in Franklin Bay, southeastern Beaufort Sea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The concentration of carbon monoxide ([CO]) in first‐year ice in Franklin Bay, southeastern Beaufort Sea, was ∼40 times higher than in the underlying seawater and ∼15 times higher than in the adjacent open water. The [CO] in the sea ice decreased with increasing depth and increased rapidly at the bottom where there was an abundance of ice microalgae. The depth distribution of [CO] was consistent with a photochemical source of this compound in sea ice, which was further inferred from the vertical profiles of the dissolved organic matter absorption coefficients and directly verified by incubation of ice samples refrozen from melted ice. Results from this study suggest that substantial photooxidation of organic matter occurs in sea ice. This process may affect the organic carbon cycle in the Arctic Ocean. The potential flux of CO from sea ice to the Arctic atmosphere is estimated to be 1.4 × 1010 moles a−1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".