Transient Critical Heat Fluxes of Subcooled Water Flow Boiling in SUS304-Circular Tubes With Various Twisted-Tape Inserts (Influence of Twist Ratio)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The transient critical heat fluxes (transient CHFs) in SUS304-circular tubes with various twisted-tape inserts are systematically measured for mass velocities (G = 3988–13,620 kg/m2s), inlet liquid temperatures (Tin = 287.55–313.14 K), outlet pressures (Pout = 805.11–870.23 kPa) and exponentially increasing heat inputs (Q = Q0 exp(t/τ), exponential periods, τ, of 28.39 ms to 8.43 s) by the experimental water loop comprised of a multistage canned-type circulation pump controlled by an inverter. The SUS304-circular tube of inner diameter (d = 6 mm), heated length (L = 59.4 mm), effective length (Leff = 49.4 mm), L/d (=9.9), Leff/d (=8.23), and wall thickness (δ = 0.5 mm) with average surface roughness (Ra = 3.89 μm) is used in this work. The SUS304 twisted-tapes with twist ratios, y [H/d = (pitch of 180 deg rotation)/d], of 2.40 and 4.45 are used. The transient critical heat fluxes for SUS304-circular tubes with the twisted-tapes of y = 2.40 and 4.45 are compared with authors' transient CHF data for the empty SUS304-circular tube and a SUS304-circular tube with the twisted-tape of y = 3.37, and the values calculated by authors' transient CHF correlations for the empty circular tube and the circular tube with twisted-tape insert. The influences of heating rate, twist ratio and swirl velocity on the transient CHF are investigated into details and the widely and precisely predictable correlations of the transient CHF against inlet and outlet subcoolings for the circular tubes with various twisted-tape inserts are given based on the experimental data. The correlations can describe the transient CHFs for SUS304-circular tubes with various twisted-tapes of twist ratios (y = 2.40, 3.37, and 4.45) in the wide experimental ranges of exponential periods (τ = 28.39 ms to 8.43 s) and swirl velocities (usw = 5.04–20.72 m/s) obtained in this work within −26.19% to 14.03% difference. The mechanism of the subcooled flow boiling critical heat flux in a circular tube with twisted-tape insert is discussed.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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