Aging of Carbonaceous Deposits from Heavy Hydrocarbon Vapors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An aging study of fresh deposits from a laboratory-scale bitumen coker was conducted at the temperature of 550 °C to examine the evolution of deposit composition and structure over time and to rationalize the differences between the laboratory deposits and industrial samples. Although the fresh laboratory deposits are much different from the industrial deposits, after days to weeks of aging at elevated temperature, the H/C ratio, thermal behavior, 13 C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C NMR), and diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier (DRIFT) spectra of the laboratory deposits become very similar to those of the graphitic industrial deposits. The differences in morphology which remain after aging are attributed to the difference in hydrodynamic conditions during the deposit laydown. The various techniques studied yielded a consistent picture of the evolution from the heavy fluid phase components which initially deposit from the vapor to the massive graphitic deposit found in the industrial coker cyclone exit tube.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".