4D seismic monitoring of CO2 flood in a thin fractured carbonate reservoir
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The miscible CO2 flood in Weyburn Field is a massive process for enhanced tertiary oil recovery and greenhouse gas sequestration, the largest of this kind ever in western Canada. This field, a mature Paleozoic carbonate pool of 1.4 billion-barrel reserves, has had nearly 48 years of conventional production history, mostly through waterflooding. Since October 2000 and in an effort to arrest production decline and improve recovery, the field operator has pipelined 50∼95 MMcf of CO2 each day as by-products of a coal gasification operation in North Dakota, and pumped it into the 30-m fractured reservoir at a mean depth of 1450 m. Over a 25-year project life, an estimated 14 million tons of the greenhouse gas, which would otherwise be vented into the atmosphere, will be injected and stored in the field's producing formations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".