Measurement of the autoionization lifetime of the superexcited atomic sulfur S(3<i>s</i><sup>2</sup>3<i>p</i><sup>3</sup>(<sup>2</sup>D<sup>o</sup>)4<i>d</i>) state using tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new method is described that combines a tunable coherent vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation source and an ion velocity imaging apparatus to study the autoionization of superexcited sulfur atoms. The photolysis of CS 2 at 193 nm is used to produce metastable sulfur atoms in the 1 D 2 state. The S( 1 D 2 ) atom is then directly excited to the neutral superexcited state 3s 2 3p 3 ( 2 D o )4d ( 1 D o 2 ) at 11.317 eV with a tunable VUV photon at ~121.896 nm. This excited state then undergoes autoionization into the first ionization continuum state of S + ( 4 S o 3/2 ) + e , which is not directly accessible from the S( 1 D 2 ) state through optical transition. By monitoring the S + signal in the time-of-flight mass spectrometer while scanning the excitation wavelength, the line profile of the 3s 2 3p 3 4d 1 D o 2 ← 3s 2 3p 4 1 D 2 transition is recorded and found to have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.9 cm 1 . This has been used to determine an autoionization lifetime of the neutral superexcited 3s 2 3p 3 4d 1 D o 2 state of 5.9 ps. The accurate measurement of the autoionization lifetime provides a benchmark for testing fundamental theoretical models of processes occurring in excited states of atoms. Key words: autoionization, atomic sulfur, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), full width at half maximum (FWHM).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".