Molecular correlates of amblyopia and visual recovery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Monocular deprivation early in development leads to anatomical and physiological changes in visual cortex that result in poor visual acuity in the deprived eye. Behavioural studies have shown that binocular visual experience is necessary for optimal recovery, however, the mechanisms that promote this recovery are not well understood. Multiple mechanisms mediate plasticity in developing visual cortex including excitatory (NMDA, AMPA) and inhibitory (GABAA) receptors. To address this question, we initiated a comprehensive study of changes in excitatory and inhibitory plasticity in visual cortex of cats reared with either normal vision, monocular deprivation, or monocular deprivation followed by a brief period of binocular vision. Using Western blot analysis of samples from different regions of visual cortex, we examined changes in excitatory (NR1, NR2A, NR2B, GluR2) and inhibitory (GABAAa1, GABAAa3) receptor subunit expression. Monocular deprivation promoted a complex pattern of changes that were most severe in regions of visual cortex where the central visual field is represented. To analyze these changes, we applied a neuroinormatics approach using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) to characterize the global pattern of change in these plasticity mechanisms. PCA showed that monocular deprivation causes a significant shift of the developmental trajectory, bypassing a large proportion of the normal developmental path, and accelerates maturation of the global receptor subunit expression. These changes suggest that monocularly deprived animals have less developmental plasticity and lack the molecular machinery needed for functional maturation of cortical circuits. A brief 4 day period of binocular vision was sufficient to restore these important plasticity mechanisms towards that of normal animals. Together, these results provide insights into molecular mechanisms underlying amblyopia, and why binocular vision is crucial for optimal recovery.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".