High accuracy simulations of black hole binaries: Spins anti-aligned with the orbital angular momentum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-accuracy binary black hole simulations are presented for black holes with spins anti-aligned with the orbital angular momentum. The particular case studied represents an equal-mass binary with spins of equal magnitude $S/{m}^{2}=0.437\text{ }57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000\text{ }01$. The system has initial orbital eccentricity $\ensuremath{\sim}4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, and is evolved through 10.6 orbits plus merger and ringdown. The remnant mass and spin are ${M}_{f}=(0.961\text{ }109\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000\text{ }003)M$ and ${S}_{f}/M_{f}{}^{2}=0.547\text{ }81\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000\text{ }01$, respectively, where $M$ is the mass during early inspiral. The gravitational waveforms have accumulated numerical phase errors of $\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.1$ radians without any time or phase shifts, and $\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.01$ radians when the waveforms are aligned with suitable time and phase shifts. The waveform is extrapolated to infinity using a procedure accurate to $\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.01$ radians in phase, and the extrapolated waveform differs by up to 0.13 radians in phase and about 1% in amplitude from the waveform extracted at finite radius $r=350M$. The simulations employ different choices for the constraint damping parameters in the wave zone; this greatly reduces the effects of junk radiation, allowing the extraction of a clean gravitational wave signal even very early in the simulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".