Atomic force microscope cantilevers as encoders for real-time forward and backward displacement measurements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Atomic force microscope cantilevers have been investigated for their use as the encoder for real-time high-resolution displacement measurements, when paired with a 1D sinusoidal grating of well-known pitch. For a known one-directional (forward or backward) displacement measurement, the decoding algorithm is based on directly counting the integer periods of the grating and calculating the fractional parts at the beginning of the displacement and at the actual position by using one cantilever. Using two cantilevers arranged in the quadrature phase shift positions on the grating makes the measurement of two-directional (forward and backward) displacements possible. The decoding algorithm directly unwraps the phase between two encoded signals. Cross-correlation filtering and the differentiation process of two encoded signals are found to be very successful to guarantee the implementation of real-time displacement measurements by suppressing noise and reducing the offset and tilt of the encoded signals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".