Application of a multilaminate model to simulate the undrained response of structured clay to shield tunnelling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A constitutive model based on the multilaminate framework has been implemented into a finite element program to investigate the effect of soil structure on the ground response to tunnelling. The model takes into account the elastic unloading–reloading, inherent and induced anisotropy, destructuration, and bonding effects. The model is successfully calibrated and used to investigate the undrained response of structured sensitive clay in the construction of the Gatineau tunnel in Gatineau, Quebec. Numerical results were compared to the field measurements taken during tunnel construction. To improve the performance of the numerical model, an implicit integration algorithm is implemented and proven to be very effective when coupled with the multilaminate framework as compared to the conventional explicit integration methods. The effect of different soil parameters including bonding and anisotropy on the tunnelling induced displacements and lining stresses is also examined using a comprehensive parametric study. The results indicated that soil bonding and anisotropy have significant effects on the shape of the settlement trough as well as the magnitudes of surface displacements and lining stresses induced by tunnelling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".