A deep, narrow J-band search for protogalactic Ly emission at redshifts z 9
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a deep, narrow J-band search for protogalactic Lyα emission at redshifts z∼ 9. We combine an exceptionally deep image of the Hubble Deep Field South, obtained using a narrow-band filter centred on the wavelength 1.187 μm using the VLT/ISAAC facility, with existing deep, broad-band images covering optical to near-infrared wavelengths. We search for z∼ 9 Lyα-emitting galaxies displaying a significant narrow-band excess relative to the Js band that are undetected at optical wavelengths. We detect no sources consistent with this criterion to the 90 per cent point-source flux limit of the narrow-band image, FNB= 3.28 × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2. The survey selection function indicates that we have sampled a volume of approximately 340 h−3 Mpc3 to a Lyα emission luminosity of 1043h−2 erg s−1. We conclude by considering the potential implications for the physics of the high-redshift Universe.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".