Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 165498, ’Slurrified Heavy-Oil-Reservoir Extraction (SHORE): A Nonthermal, In-Situ Recovery Method,’ by David P. Yale and Jianlin Wang, ExxonMobil Upstream Research; Steven W. Meier, Eric Herbolzheimer, and Arnold P. Kushnick, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering; Neal L. Adair and Sergio A. Leonardi, ExxonMobil Upstream Research; and Richard J. Smith, Imperial Oil Resources, prepared for the 2013 SPE Heavy Oil Conference—Canada, Calgary, 11-13 June. The paper has not been peer reviewed. This paper presents a concept for recovery in Canadian oil sands that uses water injection to condition a reservoir interval sufficiently to relieve the overburden stress on the oil sand and increase its porosity and permeability. The ability of the process to work in thinner and more geologically complex reservoirs compared with other in-situ processes, and with lower CO2 and surface footprints than those seen in thermal and mining processes, could make this an attractive alternative recovery process for shallow- to intermediate-depth in-situ bitumen resources. Introduction Canadian oil-sands recovery is challenged by the high and ultrahigh viscosity of the heavy oil and bitumen trapped within the generally unconsolidated sand matrix of these reservoirs. Steam processes have dominated the in situ recovery of this resource, but steam/ solvent and solvent-only processes are currently being field tested. Steam processes, especially low-pressure processes such as steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), are challenged by both a high degree of geologic heterogeneity and thin pay zones. In-Situ Mining of Oil Sands The very shallow (less than 70-m) depth of a large portion of the oil-sand deposits of Canada has made their surface mining a technically feasible and economical method of recovering the bitumen from the shallowest portion of the oil sands. The success of surface mining for bitumen has led others to propose and test in-situ bitumen mining processes. Hydraulic mining of the oil sands from a borehole has a rich patent literature but few conclusive field tests. The basic concept is that a high-pressure, downhole water jet could disrupt the unconsolidated sand matrix around the wellbore such that a bitumen/water/sand slurry could then be produced to the surface for bitumen extraction with surface-mining techniques. The process is technically challenged by the limited volume of hydrocarbons that can be recovered from any given wellbore and the limited “cavern” size that can be supported without roof collapse in these unconsolidated sand/shale geologic environments.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".