Carboxymethyl Cellulose:Polyvinylamine Complex Hydrogel Swelling
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The swelling behavior of the polyelectrolyte complex films made from polyvinylamine (PVAm) or poly(vinylformamide- co -vinylamine) copolymers and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was studied as a function of polymer composition, pH, and salt concentration. Swelling is determined by the balance between ionic cross-link density, opposing swelling, with solvation and Donnan effects promoting swelling. Films containing excess ammonium groups gave the greatest swelling at low pH, whereas excess carboxyl groups enhanced swelling at high pH. Films with balanced charge stoichiometry (CMC:PVAm 3:1 w:w) gave the minimum swelling. High concentrations of sodium chloride increased swelling due to the decomposition (screening) of ionic cross-links, whereas calcium ion decreased swelling possibly because of calcium dicarboxylate cross-links. A simple swelling model based on the ionization behavior of dilute polymers and ionic cross-linking predicted the major swelling behaviors, including the effects of pH and polymer composition.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it