Joint Analysis of BICEP2/<i>Keck Array</i>and<i>Planck</i>Data
Why is this work in the frame?
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Full frame distilled prediction
Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
- Candidate categories
- none
- Consensus categories
- none
- Domain
- Candidate signal: noneConsensus signal: none
- Study design
- Candidate signal: Theoretical or conceptualConsensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
- Genre
- Candidate signal: EmpiricalConsensus signal: Empirical
- Teacher disagreement score
- 0.125
- Threshold uncertainty score
- 0.389
- Validation status
machine_predicted_unvalidated·codex-gemma-dda1882f352a
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
- Teacher spread
- 0.277 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
We report the results of a joint analysis of data from BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck. BICEP2 and Keck Array have observed the same approximately 400 deg^{2} patch of sky centered on RA 0 h, Dec. -57.5°. The combined maps reach a depth of 57 nK deg in Stokes Q and U in a band centered at 150 GHz. Planck has observed the full sky in polarization at seven frequencies from 30 to 353 GHz, but much less deeply in any given region (1.2 μK deg in Q and U at 143 GHz). We detect 150×353 cross-correlation in B modes at high significance. We fit the single- and cross-frequency power spectra at frequencies ≥150 GHz to a lensed-ΛCDM model that includes dust and a possible contribution from inflationary gravitational waves (as parametrized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio r), using a prior on the frequency spectral behavior of polarized dust emission from previous Planck analysis of other regions of the sky. We find strong evidence for dust and no statistically significant evidence for tensor modes. We probe various model variations and extensions, including adding a synchrotron component in combination with lower frequency data, and find that these make little difference to the r constraint. Finally, we present an alternative analysis which is similar to a map-based cleaning of the dust contribution, and show that this gives similar constraints. The final result is expressed as a likelihood curve for r, and yields an upper limit r_{0.05}<0.12 at 95% confidence. Marginalizing over dust and r, lensing B modes are detected at 7.0σ significance.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Topic
- Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Field
- Physics and Astronomy
- Canadian institutions
- McGill UniversityUniversity of British ColumbiaUniversity of Toronto
- Funders
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de LisboaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di PadovaEuropean Research CouncilInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesScience and Technology Facilities CouncilCanadian Space AgencyMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónAdvanced Research Projects AgencyW. M. Keck FoundationCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadMax-Planck-GesellschaftDanmarks Tekniske UniversitetCalifornia Institute of TechnologyTekesConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheDeutsches Zentrum für Luft- und RaumfahrtFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaCentre National d’Etudes SpatialesNorges ForskningsrådMinistério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino SuperiorUK Space AgencyAcademy of FinlandNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationPartnership for Advanced Computing in Europe AISBLConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasVillum FondenAgenzia Spaziale ItalianaScience Foundation IrelandNational Science FoundationEuropean Space AgencyChina Scholarship CouncilU.S. Department of Energy
- Keywords
- PlanckPhysicsCosmic microwave backgroundAstrophysicsSkyPolarization (electrochemistry)Gravitational waveStokes parametersParameterized complexityOpticsScattering
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes