Effects of Low-frequency Absorption on Perceived Tightness of Bass Imagery in Music Reproduction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In order to enable unbiased observation of the effects of low-frequency absorption on auditory imagery associated with multichannel loudspeaker reproduction, binaural recordings were made of surround sound program material that was reproduced over full-range loudspeakers located in a room that was specially constructed to allow for variation in low-frequency acoustical treatment. These recordings were then presented via headphones to allow for double-blind comparison of the variation in auditory imagery associated with selected changes in room acoustics while holding listener and loudspeaker locations constant. Several perceptual attributes were examined, but the listeners were able to make the most clear distinctions between auditory spatial images in terms of the attribute identified as the "perceived tightness of bass imagery." Analysis of the signals presented to the listeners' ears in these binaurally-reproduced multichannel music samples showed that the tightest bass imagery was associated with high values of interaural coherence, with lower values producing more "muddy" bass imagery. [Work supported by Canada Foundation for Innovation.]
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".