Axial Stress-Strain Response of HDPE from Whole Pipes and Coupons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are subjected to tensile stresses and strains in the axial direction during and after a pulled-in-place installation by horizontal directional drilling or pipe bursting. During these types of installation techniques, creep and stress relaxation are prevalent conditions acting on the pipe. Results from stress relaxation and creep experiments conducted on both whole HDPE pipe samples and coupons trimmed from a pipe’s wall are reported. Stress relaxation experiments were performed at axial strain levels of 3, 1, and 0.5%, and creep experiments were performed at stress levels of 8 and 4 MPa. The merit of testing whole pipe samples as opposed to simply testing coupons trimmed from the pipe wall is investigated by comparing the responses of the pipe samples and coupons. For the particular conditions tested, it was shown that coupons trimmed from the barrel of a pipe responded differently than the whole pipe barrel. In fact, the coupons appeared to exhibit a higher modulus than the whole pipe samples. However, the benefit of testing whole pipe samples is overshadowed by the relative ease with which experiments on coupons can be conducted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".