Transient Heat Conduction in Functionally Graded Hollow Cylinders and Spheres
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present work, transient heat conduction in functionally graded (FG) hollow cylinders and spheres is investigated based on the non-Fourier heat conduction theories. Since the heat transmission has been observed to propagate at a finite speed for applications with very low temperature, short-pulse thermal-heating, and micro temporal and spatial scales, dual phase lag (DPL) and hyperbolic heat conduction theories are considered in current study instead of the conventional Fourier heat conduction theory. Except the phase lags which are assumed to be constant, all the other material properties of the hollow cylinders and spheres are taken to change continuously along the radial direction according to a power-law formulation with different non-homogeneity indices. The heat conduction equations are written based on the dual phase lag theory which includes the hyperbolic heat conduction theory as well. These equations are applied for axisymmetric hollow cylinders of infinite lengths and spherically symmetric hollow spheres. Using the Laplace transform and Bessel functions, the analytical solutions for temperature and heat flux are obtained in the Laplace domain. The solutions are then converted into the time domain by employing the fast Laplace inversion technique. The exact expression is obtained for the speed of thermal wave in FG cylinders and spheres based on the DPL and hyperbolic heat conduction theories. Finally, the current results are verified with those reported in the literature based on the hyperbolic heat conduction theory.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it