A Coupled Differential Scanning Calorimetry and X-ray Study of the Mesomorphic Phases of Monostearin and Stearic Acid in Water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Differential scanning microcalorimetry coupled to Synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to characterize the mesomorphic phases of monostearin — a series of dispersions of monostearin and stearic acid (95:5 w/w) in alkaline water were prepared in the range 5−90% (w/w). Samples were subjected to both melting and cooling regimes from 45 to 81 at 2 °C/min in a Microcalix machine (an X-ray sample chamber with microcalorimetry capabilities), while X-ray spectra and the microcalorimetric trace were being collected simultaneously. Using these two techniques, two-dimensional phase diagrams of the mesomorphic phases (lyotropic and thermotropic liquid crystalline phases as well as the crystalline, hydrated gel phases) of monostearin was created, one for heating and one for cooling, and the typical X-ray diffraction pattern for each of the phases was identified. Polarized light microscopy was also used in an attempt to differentiate and identify the mesomorphic phases. Furthermore, the largest d -spacings (which includes the thickness of the water domain and the lipid bilayer) for each of the different monostearin concentrations were plotted at 73 °C during heating and when cooling, to better understand the water binding capacity of the different mesomorphic phases. This information will provide guidance for the use of these unique phases in food and pharmaceutical applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".