Wind-Induced Torsional Loads on Low-Rise Buildings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a set of wind tunnel tests that are carried out to examine wind-induced torsional loads on low-rise buildings. Three low-rise buildings were tested in the Building Aerodynamics Laboratory located in the Engineering Complex at Concordia University, Montreal, Canada. Two low-rise buildings (scale 1:400) with a flat and 4:12 gabled roof slope (having the same dimensions) were examined in open and urban terrain exposures for a half wind direction cycle (every 15°). In addition, a model (scale 1:200) of an actual lowrise building in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada and its surroundings has been tested in three wind tunnel tests. Two of latter set of tests were conducted for the building model with a complete simulation of its surroundings in open and urban terrain exposures for a complete cycle by 10° increments. The building was also tested in an open terrain exposure without any surroundings. Peak, mean, and minimum base torsion and shear force for each azimuth were evaluated for all tests. In general, the measured results indicated that the maximum torsional moment on low-rise buildings could be simulated by applying 75% of the full wind loads (maximum shear) with additional 15% equivalent eccentricity of the facing building dimension.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".