An experimental study of the interaction of vertically loaded pile groups in sand
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The interactions among closely located piles and a cap in a pile group are complex. The current design practice for vertically loaded pile groups roughly estimates their overall behavior and generally yields conservative estimations of the group capacity. For a proper pile group design, factors such as the interaction among piles, the interaction between cap and piles, and the influence of pile installation method all need to be considered. This paper presents the results of the model test, which can be used to better understand the interactions of vertically loaded pile groups in granular soil. Load tests were carried out on the following: an isolated single pile, single-loaded center piles in groups, a footing without any piling, free standing pile groups, and piled footings. The influences of pile driving and the interactions among bearing components on loadsettlement and load transfer characteristics of piles and on the bearing behavior of a cap in a group are investigated separately by comparing their respective test results. The favorable interaction effects that increase pile capacities are identified.Key words: pile group, pile installation, interaction, model test, free standing, piled footing.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it