A bounding surface plasticity model for sands exhibiting particle crushing
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new bounding surface constitutive model for sands is presented and is suited to a wide range of stresses, including those sufficient to cause particle crushing. The basic concepts of critical state soil mechanics are shown to be valid, and a uniquely shaped critical state line is defined to capture the three modes of plastic deformation observed across a wide range of stresses, including particle rearrangement, particle crushing, and pseudoelastic deformation. A limiting isotropic compression line is separated from the critical state line in the υ In p′ plane by a constant shift along an elastic unloadreload line. In the deviator stress mean effective stress (qp′) plane, the loading and bounding surfaces are homologous about the origin and defined by a simple and versatile function. Isotropic hardening and softening of the loading and bounding surfaces are controlled by plastic volumetric strains. A commonly used non associative flow rule is adopted. Experimental results of monotonically loaded drained and undrained triaxial tests, isotropic compression tests, and oedometric compression tests are presented for a quartz sand and used to calibrate the model. Membrane penetration is accounted for in the model simulations of the test results. A single set of material parameters is introduced enabling rigorous and accurate predictions of stressstrain behaviour in sands.Key words: sand, bounding surface, plasticity, particle crushing.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it