Heat Transfer and Stress Analysis of Coke Drum for a Complete Operating Cycle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Coke drums experience severe thermal and mechanical loadings during operation, and the reliability and safety of the coke drums are critical to the industry. The objective of this study is to analyze temperature and stress of the coke drum for a complete process cycle. The thermal analysis model of the coke drum is first developed incorporating appropriate boundary conditions. The heat transfer coefficients at the inner surface of the coke drum, which change with the operation stages and the levels of oil filling and water quenching, are determined based on the temperature measurement data at a certain location on the outer surface of the coke drum. The temperature history of the coke drum of a complete cycle is then obtained by finite element heat transfer analysis, and computed temperature data are used for the stress analysis of the coke drum, including both thermal and mechanical loadings. It is found from numerical results that the clad experiences a biaxial stress cycling with maximum value higher than the yield limit of the material, which coincide with the low cycle fatigue failure of the structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".