Wall Effects in Two-Dimensional Axisymmetric Flow Over a Circular Disk Oriented Normal to Flow in a Cylindrical Tube
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of cylindrical walls on the drag of a neutrally buoyant disk (with zero inertia) oriented normal to the direction of flow has been investigated numerically. Using FLUENT, the field equations have been solved to obtain the values of the total, pressure and friction components of drag as a function of the Reynolds number and of the blockage ratio. The results presented herein encompass the following ranges of the conditions: Reynolds number: 1 to 100; and the blockage ratio (disk diameter/cylinder diameter): 0.02 to 0.5. As expected, the drag is found to be higher under the confined flow conditions than that in the unconfined flow conditions. However, the confining boundaries appear to exert only a weak influence on the formation and size of the wake region. The drag values are also weakly influenced by the thickness of the disk. However, this effect progressively disappears as the Reynolds number is gradually increased. The present numerical values corresponding to the unconfined flow conditions are in excellent agreement with the previous numerical and experimental results available in the literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".