Wall Effects in Two-Dimensional Axisymmetric Flow Over a Circular Disk Oriented Normal to Flow in a Cylindrical Tube
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of cylindrical walls on the drag of a neutrally buoyant disk (with zero inertia) oriented normal to the direction of flow has been investigated numerically. Using FLUENT, the field equations have been solved to obtain the values of the total, pressure and friction components of drag as a function of the Reynolds number and of the blockage ratio. The results presented herein encompass the following ranges of the conditions: Reynolds number: 1 to 100; and the blockage ratio (disk diameter/cylinder diameter): 0.02 to 0.5. As expected, the drag is found to be higher under the confined flow conditions than that in the unconfined flow conditions. However, the confining boundaries appear to exert only a weak influence on the formation and size of the wake region. The drag values are also weakly influenced by the thickness of the disk. However, this effect progressively disappears as the Reynolds number is gradually increased. The present numerical values corresponding to the unconfined flow conditions are in excellent agreement with the previous numerical and experimental results available in the literature. On a étudié numériquement l'effet des parois cylindriques sur la traînée d'un disque non soumis à la force d'Archimède (avec une inertie nulle) orienté en position normale dans le sens du courant. À l'aide de FLUENT, on a résolu les équations d'échange afin d'obtenir les valeurs des composantes totales, de pression et de friction de la traînée en fonction du nombre de Reynolds et du taux de blocage. Les résultats présentés ici englobent les gammes de conditions suivantes : nombre de Reynolds de 1 à 100 et taux de blocage (diamètre de disque/diamètre de cylindre) de 0,02 à 0,5. Comme prévu, on a trouvé que la traînée était plus forte dans les conditions d'écoulement confiné que dans les conditions d'écoulement non confiné. Toutefois, les limites de confinement semblent n'exercer qu'une faible influence sur la formation et la taille de la région du sillage. Les valeurs de traînée sont également faiblement influencées par l'épaisseur du disque. Cet effet disparaît progressivement cependant à mesure que le nombre de Reynolds est graduellement augmenté. Les présentes valeurs numériques correspondantes aux conditions d'écoulement non confiné montrent un excellent accord avec les résultats numériques et expérimentaux antérieurs de la littérature scientifique.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".