Bio-liquefaction of Fushun lignite: characterization of newly isolated lignite liquefying fungus and liquefaction products
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bio-liquefaction of coal is a potential technology of converting solid coal to liquid fuel/chemicals at ambient condition. Our previous research has successfully isolated one fungus called AH from Chinese mine environment to liquefy Chinese lignite. To help understand bio-liquefaction of Chinese lignite, this paper focused on characterization of fungus AH and bio-liquefaction products. Results showed that during bio-liquefaction of Chinese lignite, Fungus AH changed its growth rate and pH levels of culture media, compared with its normal growth. UV-VIS analysis showed that main components of bio-liquefied lignite (black liquid) were phenol derivatives, ketones and aldehydes. For IR analysis, bio-liquefaction products and pretreated lignite had similar IR spectra. For GC-MS analysis, 16 high-concentration compounds in black liquid were identified, of which, 11 belonged to aromatic acids or ethers. The average aromatic ring number of these 16 compounds was 0.875 less than 1.56 of pretreated lignite.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".