Bibliographic record
Abstract
We compute transmission coefficients for internal waves propagating in a fluid with continuously varying stratification and background shear. In stationary fluid the transmission is characterized by the ratio of transmitted to incident energy. More generally, transmission across the shear is appropriately characterized by the ratio of transmitted to incident pseudoenergy flux. First, we examine the transmission and reflection of internal waves incident upon a weakly stratified layer in stationary fluid focusing upon the opposing limits of piecewise-linear theory and a heuristic application of Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) theory. We find the WKB prediction is reasonably accurate if the distance of transition from strong to weak stratification is as small as one sixth the vertical wavelength of the transmitted waves. In the limit of infinitesimally small transition distances the prediction of piecewise-linear theory is reproduced. Second, we consider the transmission of internal waves across a shear layer which initially is uniformly stratified. In particular, we show that significant transmission is possible across critical layers if the minimum gradient Richardson number is less than 1∕4. Finally, we show that internal waves can partially transmit across a mixed region that results from the evolution of an unstable shear layer. Transmission across critical layers occurs for waves whose horizontal phase speed matches the background flow speed at levels where the gradient Richardson number is less than 1∕4.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".