Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of a Multi‐Span Continuous Highway Bridge Fitted with Shape Memory Alloy Bars and Laminated Rubber Bearings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study performs seismic vulnerability assessment in the longitudinal direction of a three‐span continuous highway bridge, restrained by shape memory alloy (SMA) bars and isolated with laminated rubber bearings. The analytical simulation method based on incremental dynamic analyses is used in evaluating the seismic fragility functions of the bridge components (pier and isolation bearing) and the system. A two‐dimensional finite element model scheme with nonlinear force‐displacement relationships is used for the bridge piers and bearings. This study shows that the bridge piers with SMA bars have led to relatively higher seismic vulnerability over the bridge piers without SMA bars, which is also reflected in the bridge system. The isolation bearings with SMA bars have revealed comparatively less seismic vulnerability than those without SMA bars. From the numerical results, it is recognized that the failure probability of the bridge system is dictated by the bridge pier over the isolation bearing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".