Bibliographic record
Abstract
The African Invention of French EcologyHistory of the Field Station of Lamto (Ivory Coast), 1942-1976This article examines how ecological researches conducted at the field station of Lamto (Ivory Coast) contributed to the institutional and theoretical structuring of ecology in post-war France. Created in 1962 by the École normale supérieure of Paris (ENS) and supported by the International Biological Program (IBP), the station of Lamto was devoted to the quantitative study of the savannah ecosystem. The history of Lamto – understood as a scientific project and as a site of research – reveals the importance of the post-colonial deployment of French scientists in Africa, in the context of « la Coopération ». First, the scientific genealogy of Lamto enables to trace the colonial roots of quantitative ecology. The Lamto project originated during the naturalist exploration of the prairies of Mount Nimba (Guinea), as early as 1942. A young French naturalist, Maxime Lamotte, conceived there his first investigations in quantitative ecology, relying on a massive use of local indigenous auxiliaries. At the turn of African independences, his project had to be displaced to the neighbouring Ivory Coast, where the station of Lamto was founded. The second part of the article insists on the organization of scientific work at Lamto, between 1962 and 1976. The study of the ecosystem of Lamto, internationally recognized as excellent, relied on a strict coordination of researches. While Lamotte, who headed the zoology laboratory of the ENS, compiled data for the whole ecosystem, several PhD students focused respectively on one component. In turn, they employed numerous unskilled workers for raw material collection. Drawing on colonial hierarchies, the organization thus reflected metaphorically the pyramidal structure of ecosystems. In a third part, the article discusses the role of scientists from Lamto in the emergence in France of ecology as a scientific discipline. The international insertion of the project –the most important French project sponsored by the IBP– gave a strong influence to its leader Maxime Lamotte and to several other scientists. On the tropical field of Lamto, the durable contacts between botanists, zoologists and geographers boosted interdisciplinary dialogue, which proved crucial to the theoretical and institutional making of ecology. Lamto has thus not only been a favourable site for ecological research, but also an occasion of circulations beyond national and disciplinary boundaries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".