Mid term effects of pulmonary thromboendarterectomy on clinical and cardiopulmonary function status
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) can be successfully treated surgically by pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) but there are few data on mid-term cardiopulmonary function, particularly on exertion, and clinical benefits following pulmonary PTE. METHODS: A 2 year follow up study was undertaken of clinical status, haemodynamic and lung function indices, gas exchange, and exercise tolerance in 38 patients of mean (SD) age 50 (15) years who had undergone PTE. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was about 10%. Before PTE all the patients were severely impaired (NYHA classes III-IV). There was no time difference in the improvement in the parameters: nearly all the improvement in cardiac output, gas exchange, and clinical status was achieved in the first 3 months as a result of the relief of pulmonary obstruction. At 3 months the percentage of patients with normal cardiac output and PaO(2) and of those with reduced clinical impairment increased to 97%, 59%, and 87%, respectively, without any further change. Only mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), carbon monoxide transfer factor (TLCO), and exercise tolerance improved gradually during the second year, probably due to the recovery of the damaged small vessels. TLCO was overestimated before PTE but afterwards the trend was similar to that of mPAP. CONCLUSIONS: At mid term only a few patients did not have a satisfactory recovery because of lack of operative success, hypertension relapse, or the effect of preoperative hypertension on vessels in non-obstructed segments. Most of the patients, even the more compromised ones, had excellent long lasting results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".