Bibliographic record
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal injury-associated neurodegeneration. Although the majority of MS patients are diagnosed in early to mid-adulthood, pediatric-onset MS is being increasingly recognized. The relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) phenotype, characterized by acute attacks of neurologic disability (relapses) interspersed with periods of partial or complete clinical remission, accounts for approximately 80% of MS in adults,1 and over 95% of MS in children.2 At some point in the MS disease course, over 90% of RRMS patients will enter the secondary progressive phase of MS (SPMS), in which disease progression occurs with or without discrete relapses. Primary progressive MS, in which disability progression occurs from disease onset, in the absence of clear attacks, occurs in 10% of adult MS patients but is exceptionally rare in children. There are now four disease-modifying therapies approved for use in adults with relapsing MS. There is Class I level evidence for four treatments (three preparations of interferon-beta [IFNβ] and glatiramer acetate).3 All four medications reduce the frequency of clinical relapses by approximately 30%, …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.170 | 0.083 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".