Thermochemical structure and dynamics of the African superplume
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a new three‐dimensional (3‐D) model of the thermochemical structure of the African superplume region obtained from simultaneous inversion of global seismic and convection‐related data. Convection‐related observations include the global free‐air gravity field, tectonic plate motions, dynamic surface topography and the excess ellipticity of the core‐mantle boundary. A 3‐D image of the chemically‐induced density perturbations provides direct evidence that intrinsically‐dense material is entrained within the superplume and concentrated into a rounded structure ∼1000 km above the core‐mantle boundary. The thermally‐induced density perturbations are greater in magnitude than the chemically‐induced implying overall positive buoyancy throughout the superplume. The observed morphology and density signatures are consistent with a thermochemical plume that has risen from a compositionally‐distinct ‘pile’ at the base of the mantle and may be currently deforming under the influence of its intrinsic negative chemical buoyancy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".