Current and historical distribution of the American eel Anguilla rostrata in the countries and territories of the Wider Caribbean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The American eel is a widely distributed, facultatively catadromous fish that is reported to range from southern Greenland to the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Despite such a broad distribution, our understanding of the species' biology and ecology is based on research carried out almost exclusively in Canada and the United States. As one moves south from the United States through both the Antilles and Mexico, progressively less is known about the species. Even farther south, in Central and South America, information is sufficiently scant as to raise doubt on whether or not the species occurs there at all. This study compiled available quantitative information from literature and museum records and qualitative information from other literature and personal contacts on the distribution of the American eel from Mexico, Central America, northern South America, and the Antilles, to provide the first comprehensive description of the species' historical and current distribution in the region. The results of this investigation confirm that the American eel was historically, and continues to be, widely distributed throughout the Wider Caribbean region, extending all the way to eastern Venezuela and the island of Trinidad. Furthermore, this work also addresses habitat loss and degradation, pollution, and increasing pressure from developing commercial fisheries as the major threats facing the species both locally in, and broadly throughout, the region. If effective management and conservation of the panmictic American eel is to be achieved, it is of critical importance that greater efforts be made to promote and encourage research on the species' basic ecology in the Wider Caribbean region.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".