In Whose Interest? The Early Years of the First Caisse Populaire, 1900‑1945
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1900 Alphonse Desjardins opened the first caisse populaire at Lévis, a small town located across the St. Lawrence from Quebec City. Many historians have seen the establishment and the early operations of the Caisse populaire de Lévis in heroic terms, as it proved to be the beginning of the development of a vast cooperative movement. Desjardins and his colleagues were described as disinterested men only desirous of providing financial services to the poor. This characterization has a certain validity, as credit was made available that could not have been found elsewhere. Nevertheless, such a perspective ignores the fact that the founders of the caisse and their successors were members of the local petite bourgoisie who were profoundly insecure regarding their place in an industrializing Quebec. As a result, the operations of this caisse up to the end of World War II were not always in the best interests of the poorer elements of Lévis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".