Baculovirus Reveals a New pH-dependent Direct Cell-fusion Pathway For Cell Entry and Transgene Delivery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Evaluation of: Dong S, Wang M, Qiu Z et al.: AcMNPV efficiently infects Sf9 cells and transduces mammalian cells via direct fusion with the plasma membrane at low pH. J. Virol. 84(10), 5351–5359 (2010). The article evaluated unravels the existence of an alternative infection pathway of baculoviruses, such as Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus, for infection of insect cells by altering pH conditions. The authors have demonstrated that lowering the pH within an insect cell can induce baculovirus cell entry through an alternative direct cell membrane fusion pathway independent of the normal endocytosis pathway. They explain that this mode of cell entry and the corridor to the nucleus is dependent on myosin-like proteins and not on microtubules. The article also reports, for the first time, that baculovirus can also efficiently transduce mammalian cells using a direct fusion pathway induced by a short pH trigger, which can be further enhanced by completely blocking the probable endocytosis pathway. These findings by Dong et al. provide us with a further step in understanding the different routes by which baculovirus can enter insect and mammalian cells. In fact, this study gives us an insight to the development of a novel pH-dependent baculovirus-mediated therapeutic strategy for efficient transgene delivery to mammalian cells and also for an advanced insect cell-based protein production system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".