Potential use of neurosteroids and neuroactive steroids as modulators of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychotic disorders
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The term “neurosteroid” (NS) was introduced by Baulieu in 1981 to name a steroid hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), that was found at high levels in the brain long after gonadectomy and adrenalectomy, and shown later to be synthesized by the brain. The term “neuroactive steroid” (NAS) refers to steroids that, independent of their origin, are capable of modifying neural activities. NASs bind and modulate different types of membrane receptors. The γ‐amino butyric acid (GABA) and Sigma receptor complexes have been the most extensively studied, while glycine chloride channels, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and voltage‐activated calcium channels, although less explored, are also modulated by NASs. Within the glutamate receptor family, N ‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors, α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors and kainate receptors have been shown to be targets for NA and NAS modulation. Inside the neuron, Oxidized ring A reduced pregnanes, tetrahydroprogesterone (THP), and tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) bind to the progesterone intracellular receptor (PR) and in this way can also regulate gene expression. Animal experimentation showed that cardinal symptoms of depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and memory dysfunctions are partly regulated by NAS. In turn, NAS and NS levels are modulated by psychotropic medications. NS levels, as well as NAS plasma concentrations, change in patients with depression syndromes, the levels return to normal baseline with recovery, but normalization is not necessary for successful therapy. Rather than with nosological syndromes and psychiatric disorders, NAS and NS steroid levels seem to correlate with specific symptoms. Hence, it will be profitable to search for and establish symptom‐steroid relationships, as well as pharmacological and endogenous factors that can modulate NS biosynthesis and NAS formation, to be able to use these steroids in therapy. Drug Dev Res 65:318–334, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it