Colonization of Returning Travelers With CTX‐M‐Producing<i>Escherichia coli</i>
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We previously identified foreign travel as a risk factor for acquiring infections due to CTX-M (active on cefotaxime first isolated in Munich) producing Escherichia coli. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E coli among stool samples submitted from travelers as compared to non-travelers (a non-traveler had not been outside of Canada for at least 6 months before submitting a stool specimen). METHODS: Once a travel case was identified, the next stool from a non-traveler (not been outside of Canada for at least 6 months) was included and cultured on the chromID-ESBL selection media. Molecular characterization was done using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing for bla(CTX-Ms), bla(TEMs), bla(SHVs), plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistant determinants, O25-ST131, phylogenetic groups, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequencing typing. RESULTS: A total of 226 individuals were included; 195 (86%) were negative, and 31 (14%) were positive for ESBL-producing E coli. Notably, travelers were 5.2 (95% CI 2.1-31.1) times more likely than non-travelers to have an ESBL-producing E coli cultured from their stool. The highest rates of ESBL positivity were associated with travel to Africa or the Indian subcontinent. Among the 31 ESBL-producing E coli isolated, 22 produced CTX-M-15, 8 produced CTX-M-14, 1 produced CTX-M-8, 12 were positive for aac(6')-Ib-cr, and 8 belonged to clone ST131. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that foreign travel, especially to the Indian subcontinent and Africa, represents a major risk for rectal colonization with CTX-M-producing E coli and contributed to the Worldwide spread of these bacteria.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it