Population Structure, Chemotype Diversity, and Potential Chemotype Shifting of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> in Wheat Fields of Manitoba
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study was to investigate the variation of acetyl ester derivative of DON at 15-position oxygen (15ADON) and acetyl ester derivative of DON at 3-position oxygen (3ADON) chemotypes and potential chemotype shifting of Fusarium graminearum based on the population structure of this species in Manitoba. The study was conducted in 15 locations with wheat cvs. Superb and AC Barrie in Manitoba from 2004 to 2005. Percentages of chemotypes 3ADON and 15ADON of F. graminearum ranged from 0 to 95.7 and 4.3 to 100%, respectively. The 3ADON chemotype was distributed in the southern part of Manitoba and predominant in Morris and Horndean. The two chemotypes almost shared the same percentage in Portage la Prairie. The 15ADON chemotype was predominant in the other locations. Significant gene flow was found among the populations from Sanford, Portage la Prairie, Hamiota, Plumas, Rapid City, and Virden; the populations from Cartier, Rivers, Killarney, and Souris; and the populations from Morris, Kenville, and Dauphin. There were no differences between the populations from two wheat cultivars and two chemotypes. The great variation of chemotype likely resulted from the great genetic diversity of F. graminearum. Sexual recombination, population age, and cropping system could result in genetic and chemotypic diversities. Wheat seed shipment and long-distance spore transportation of F. graminearum potentially caused the genetic migration and chemotype shifting in Manitoba.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".