Skeletal and Dental Changes in Class II division 1 Malocclusions Treated with Splint-Type Herbst Appliances
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate skeletal and dental changes in growing individuals through lateral cephalograms obtained after the sole use of the splint-type Herbst appliances in Class II division 1 malocclusions. METHODS: Several electronic databases (Pubmed, Medline, Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Cochrane Library Database, Embase, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Lilacs) were searched with the help of a health sciences librarian. Abstracts that appeared to fulfill the initial selection criteria were selected by consensus. The original articles were then retrieved. Their references were also hand-searched for possible missing articles. Clinical trials that assessed, through lateral cephalograms, immediate skeletal and dental changes with the use of splint-type Herbst appliances without any concurrent orthodontic appliances, surgical intervention, or syndromic characteristics were considered. A comparable untreated Class II division 1 malocclusion control group was required to factor out normal growth changes. RESULTS: Three articles were finally selected and analyzed. An individual analysis of these articles was made and some methodological flaws were identified. The selected studies all showed statistically significant changes in the anteroposterior length of the mandible, vertical height of the ramus, lower facial height, mandibular incisor proclination, mesial movement of the lower molars, and distal movement of the upper molars. Posttreatment relapse in overjet and molar relationship was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: Dental changes are as important as skeletal changes to attaining the final occlusal results. Long-term, prospective, double-blinded, randomized clinical trials are needed to support these conclusions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it