Polar Horizons: Images of the Arctic in Accounts of Amundsen’s Polar Aviation Expeditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite the conquest of the poles in the pre-war era, in the interwar years explorers continued to be drawn towards the poles—only now they travelled by air. Historians of exploration have argued that the introduction of this modern technology raised the explorer far above the perils of the polar ice, thereby eliminating the danger and hardship at the core of heroic exploration narratives. In this argument, the use of aircraft marked the end of the age of heroic exploration. Examining the press coverage of Roald Amundsen’s polar flights, however, reveals a more complex picture. Although the use of aircraft introduced tensions into the exploration narrative, particularly with regard to the images of the Arctic landscape deployed in these stories, analyzing these images highlights the ways in which the polar landscape was constructed in order to both renegotiate and rearticulate heroic exploration narratives in the era of polar aviation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".