CFD Predictions and Field Measurements of NOx Emissions From LM1600 Gas Turbine During Part Load Operation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract CFD simulations of the combustion process and formation of emissions in an industrial GE LM1600 gas turbine have been performed over a range of unit loads. Two combustion models were considered here to characterize the combustion process, the chemical equilibrium model and the nonequilibrium laminar flamelet model. The flamelet model predictions of nitric oxide concentration demonstrated much closer agreement with field measurements of continuous emission monitoring systems, due to accurate modeling of the oxygen radial concentration. The predictions made with this model are within 15 percent at maximum load and considerably better at lower loads. Field measurements also showed that nitric oxide constitutes about 95 percent of the total NOx measured. Unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions are significantly overpredicted, however, arguably as a result of neglecting their oxidation in the high temperature, fuel-lean environment of the turbine and exhaust stack downstream of the combustor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".