<title>Attenuated total reflection modulator based on surface plasmon excitation</title>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigate an attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) modulator, which can be fabricated by depositing an ultra-thin Au film, an electro-optic (EO) polymer film and an Au electrode on a prism. At a certain incidence angle, the incoming TM-polarized beam can excite a surface-plasmon wave (SPW) propagating at the metal-polymer interface. The intensity modulation of the reflected beam is possible because of the sensitivity of the coupling efficiency to the refractive index of the polymer. An alternative design uses a thin dielectric film between the prism and the Au film but gave no better results. The device potentially provides low fabrication cost and very high frequency operation, and the polymer losses are not a significant issue. A modulator structure was optimized with simulations to achieve maximum modulation depth. The optimal thicknesses were in the range of 30 to 35 nm and 1 micrometers for the Au and polymer films, respectively. Nevertheless, the achievable modulation depth is rather small even with polymers of high EO coefficient and the operation of the device is sensitive, especially, to the incidence angle as well as to the polymer thickness due to the coupling of two SPW modes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".