Monitoring for invasive tunicates in Nova Scotia, Canada (2006-2009)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The shellfish culture industry in Atlantic Canada has been adversely affected by the presence of non-indigenous, invasive tunicates since the mid-1990’s. A Fisheries and Oceans Canada Aquatic Invasive Species (DFO-AIS) monitoring program documented the presence, establishment, and spread of five tunicate species at geo-referenced coastal monitoring stations in Nova Scotian waters from 2006-2009. Styela clava (Herdman, 1881) and Didemnum vexillum (Kott, 2002) were not found in Nova Scotia during the course of this study, despite their problematic presence in Prince Edward Island and the Gulf of Maine, respectively. Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766) was the most widely distributed species, found at more than 69% of sites monitored in all years. Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767) was present at about half of the stations in all years, and while its populations were heaviest and most persistent in the Halifax – St. Margaret’s Bay, Shelburne – Port La Tour, and Canso – Isle Madame areas, there was evidence of spread on the eastern and Fundy shores, and in Cape Breton. Botrylloides violaceus (Oka, 1927), was the least common tunicate encountered, but its distribution increased from 19% of stations in 2006 to 50% of stations in 2009. Tunicates occupied a wide variety of hard substrates (natural and artificial) in waters with 13.0 to 33.2 salinity and at oxygen saturations of 32.5 to 124.8%.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".